RESULTS OF BREEDING WORK WITH СHRYSANTHEMUM × HORTORUM BAILEY IN FRC SSC OF RAS

The renewal of Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey assortment is based on the changing fashion for flowers, the search for cultivars that require minimal economic costs within cultivation and is due to the gradual degeneration of old cultivars. There is a need for the new cultivars adapted to growing conditions, resistant to weather stresses, pests and diseases. The creation of cultivars of Russian breeding becomes absolutely necessary when the supply of imported planting material gets disrupted. Breeding studies of garden chrysanthemum have been conducted by the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC SSC of RAS) since 2006. When breeding new cultivars, the growth and development of seedlings obtained from different cross combinations, as well as the possibility of early selection of promising forms that correspond to the cultivar model are studied. The sources of economically valuable traits and the patterns of their inheritance are highlighted. Elite seedlings are selected, hybrids are studied and evaluated according to a set of characteristics. The paper analyzes the breeding studies of Chrysanthemum × hortorum carried by FRC SSC of RAS for the period from 2016 to 2022. The objects of research were hybrids obtained from 39 cross combinations. The most productive cross combinations have been determined: ‘Harlequin’ × pollen mixture, ‘Izetka Bernstein’ × Zh-10-10, ‘Izetka Bernstein’ × M-187-1, ‘Mona Lisa White’ × M-182-1, ‘Mona Lisa White’ × free pollination, ‘Amber’ × ‘Sadko’, ‘Symphoniya’ × Zh-10-1. The most promising hybrid forms are highlighted in the combinations ‘Izetka Bernstein’ × Zh-10-10, ‘Symphoniya’ × Zh-10-1, ‘Mona Lisa White’ × M-182-1, ‘Izetka Bernstein’ × K-10-2, ‘Sadko’ × ‘Tigerrag’, ‘Rossano Charlotte’ × ‘Zembla lime’, ‘Symphoniya’× ‘Tigerreg’, ‘Amber’ × ‘Sadko’, K-10-2 × pollen mixture, W-10-10 × pollen mixture, D-95- 3 × pollen mixture, ‘Resume’ × ‘Izetka Bernstein’. In 2022, two chrysanthemum cultivars ‘Shkola Biznesa’ and ‘Matsesta’ were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation.