PROMISING HYBRIDS OF KAKI PERSIMMONS SELECTED BY FRC SSC OF RAS

The paper presents the results of kaki persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) hybridization, which was carried out on the basis of FRC SSC of RAS collection. The collection contains three species and 22 cultivars of foreign and domestic breeding. A number of crosses was carried out, where previously isolated sources of economically valuable traits were used as the female parent – ‘Djiro’, ‘Hiakume’, ‘Zenji-Maru’, ‘Seeds’ ‘Hachia’; cultivars with high pollen fertility ‘Fuyu’, ‘Geili’, ‘Zenji-Maru’, ‘Miader’, Diospyros virginiana L were used as pollinators. As a result of hybridization, 283 hybrids were obtained. At the early stages of development, according to indirect signs, 32 promising and 26 elite forms were identified. Selected hybrids from distant crosses ‘Hiakume’ × ‘Miader’, ‘Djiro’ × D. virginiana have breeding value; these hybrids have increased winter hardiness. ‘Hachia’ × ‘Geili’ crossbreeding combination is the most promising for the allocation of elite forms in the early development stages. Five early–fruiting forms were allocated from promising hybrids, in which the first fruiting was recorded on the sixth year – interspecific hybrid No. 1-25 (‘Hiakume’ × ‘Miader’); Hybrid No. 1-27 (‘Seeds’ × pollen mixture (‘Geili’, ‘Fuyu’, ‘Zenji-Maru’)), Hybrid No. I-15 (‘ZenjiMaru’ × pollen mixture (‘Geili’, ‘Fuyu’, ‘Zenji-Maru’)), Hybrid No. K-16 (find), hybrid No. 23 (‘Hachia’ × ‘Geili’). Hybrids No. K-16 and No. 23 were identified as large-fruited with a fruit weight of 142 and 150 g. Hybrids No. K-16 (8.8 kg) and No. I-15 (6.5 kg) had a high yield. Hybrids No. 23 and No. I-15 with variable and velvety fruits have a breeding value. Due to the study of fruit quality biochemical indicators, hybrids with a high content of soluble solids No. K-16 (18.0 %) and No. I-15 (14.2 %) were allocated. According to the sugar content in the fruits pulp, the following hybrids turned out to be the best: No. 1-27; No. 1-25; No. I-15; (21,0–22,5 %). Fruits are rich in vitamin C, which, depending on the hybrid, varies from 11.0 to 18.0 mg/100 g.