WAYS TO SLOW DOWN GROWTH PROCESSES FOR CREATING A GRAPEVINE GENE POOL COLLECTION IN VITRO

For long-term deposition of grapevine plants in the in vitro gene pool collection, the following methods of slowing down growth processes were studied: change of cultivation conditions and modification of nutrient media composition. To change the conditions, cultivation was carried out under conditions of reduced positive temperature and illumination, and an increase in the nutrient medium density. The modification of the nutrient media consisted in changing the composition of macro salts, introducing natural inhibitors, growth regulators Emistim, potassium Lignohumate, Melafen, salicylic acid, the antibiotic Gentamicin and carbohydrates with osmotic action: sucrose, sorbitol and fructose into the nutrient media. At low temperatures (11–17 о C) in the light, the intervals between transplants are doubled and it becomes possible to do one transplant every six months. The addition of grape seeds to the nutrient medium within increased concentrations provides 4–5 times longer intervals between transplanting the plants to a fresh nutrient medium. The possibility of nonstop cultivation in the in vitro collection for 490 days with the calcium nitrate introduced into the nutrient medium was proved. Melafen promotes continuous non-stop cultivation for 260 days. It is possible to cultivate the plants continuously for 450 days and individual plants: 540 and 630 days. When using the antibiotic Gentamicin, the duration of non-stop storage increased to 7–10 months on average. The possibility of nonstop cultivation for 13–15 months was noted. Osmotic sorbitol can be used to create a genetic collection of grapevine in vitro at concentrations of 10.0 and 30.0 g/l. A new method was developed for storing mature microshoots at a reduced temperature, which ensures the duration of non-stop cultivation up to 3 years.