SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO ESTABLISHING NURSERIES FOR ROOTSTOCK GRAPE VINES

Due to the expansion of areas under grape plantations at the expense of territories unsuitable for cultivating other crops, there is a need for rootstocks that will be resistant to soil and climatic factors of the environment. As a result, the development of a comprehensive system for creating elite nurseries of rootstock vines laid with planting material of the "initial" grape category is relevant. The purpose of the research is: to systematize scientific and production approaches to creating nurseries of rootstock vines. Research on improving the clonal micropropagation technology for grape rootstocks in vitro was carried out in the Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, Selection and Reproduction – Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" of the Russian Academy of Sciences" during 2021–2024. In vitro plants of grape rootstocks ‘Fercal’ clone 242, ‘Ruggery-140’ and ‘Gravesack’ (clones No. 11 and 12) were used as research material. The study of soils for cultivating rootstock vines, as well as an assessment of the feasibility of cultivating rootstock vines in a certain zone were carried out at the Laboratory for Rational Placement of Perennial Plantings – Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, during 2020–2024. Both generally accepted methodology and methods developed at the Magarach Institute were used to conduct the research. The technology of clonal micropropagation allows you to obtain genetically identical, disease-free certified planting material for creating nurseries. Since grapes in vitro have a strong genetic specificity, there is a need to optimize all processes in order to increase production efficiency. The paper presents generalized research results aiming to optimize the clonal micropropagation technology for the studied rootstocks. Zones with limited soil fertility in Crimea for vineyards and grape nurseries are determined: Bakhchisarai district and Sevastopol city district. The expediency of laying out nurseries of grape rootstocks in these zones was revealed, provided that a high level of agricultural technology and additional fertilizing is used. An integated system for creating a nursery for rootstock vines was developed; it consists of two blocks, including obtaining the initial planting material of a specific rootstock and nursery designing.