DEVELOPMENT OF PLACEMENT SCHEMES AND A SYSTEM FOR FORMING THE TREES CROWN IN INTENSIVE ORCHARDS

The paper is devoted to the issues of placement schemes and the formation system in the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria for intensive orchards. Research has been carried out on the placement and formation of intensive-type fruit plantations, determining the optimal scheme for the placement and formation of intensive-type apple tree plantings. The optimal pruning system in intensive orchards and the choice of the best crown design in relation to different apple cultivars and placement schemes (feeding area) in the foothill zone of KabardinoBalkaria have been determined. To study the crown structure and improve the system of fruit crop formation in intensive orchards in the foothill zone of KabardinoBalkaria, research was conducted on the placement and formation of fruit crops in intensive plantings in the foothill zone on ‘Golden Reynders’ and ‘Red Chief’ cultivars on the basis of the North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Horticulture. The obtained experimental data on the effect of formative pruning on the growth and reproductive processes of apple trees show that, with sufficiently similar characteristics of the planting material, different numbers of shoots are observed by cultivars according to the experimental variants, which affects especially the total growth of shoots and significantly the average growth of shoots. In the ‘Golden Ranges’ cultivar, a variant is distinguished according to the experimental scheme 5 × 2.0 m and in the ‘Red Chief’ cultivar – a variant 4 × 1.5 m. An improved layout and tree formation system in the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria is proposed. A method and type of pruning for the highly efficient cultivation of intensive orchards has been proposed to the production. Compacted plantings are needed to intensify gardening. For the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria on medium-sized rootstocks with the placement schemes in intensive orchards, varietal characteristics must be taken into account.