BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ORIENTAL PERSIMMON VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DRY SUBTROPICS OF DAGESTAN

The purpose of the research was to study the biological, biochemical and economic features of the cultivation of introduced varieties of oriental persimmons in the dry subtropics of Southern Dagestan. The state of alluvial-meadow layered carbonate, non-saline, slightly saline soil is characterized; quantitative and qualitative parameters of soils; criteria of parameters in relation to oriental persimmons. Biometric indicators of growth and development of trees of persimmon varieties were studied, which showed that the highest height of the tree (5.10–5.40 m) was noted in the midseason varieties ‘Hachia’ and ‘Hiakume’. It has been established that the timing of the phenological phases of the oriental persimmon depends on the varietal characteristics and conditions of the year. The duration of vegetation varied: 240– 242 days in early-ripening animals, 242–243 days in mid-ripening ones. The period of fruit formation varied: 12–138; 140–151; 155–160, respectively. It is shown that the highest productivity rates are characterized by mid-ripening varieties ‘Hachia’ (410.0 c/ha) and ‘Hiakume’ (402.0 c/ha), the degree of flowering in these varieties was 4.9 and 4.8 points, respectively. In terms of the average weight of fruits, the highest indicators were noted by the varieties ‘Tamopan big’ (286.6 g), ‘Hiakume’ (279.0 g) and ‘Hachia’ (244.0 g). It was revealed that the late-ripening varieties ‘Tamopan big’ (84.2 %) and ‘Jiro’ (85.2 %) were distinguished by a high total yield of the highest and first commercial grades. It was found that the early-ripening variety ‘Sidle’s (20.30 %), the mid-ripening variety ‘Hachia’ (19.60 %) and the lateripening ‘Tamopan big’ (18.70 %) were noted for a high content of dry matter, the earlyripening variety ‘Sidles’ (18.80 %), the mid-ripening variety ‘Hachia’ (13.53 %) and the late-ripening variety ‘Tamopan big’ (15.70 %) were distinguished by a high content of sugars. The early-ripening variety ‘Zenji Maru’ (27.28 mg%), the mid-season variety ‘Hachia’ (49.20 mg%) and the late-ripening variety ‘Jiro’ (44.00 mg%) were noted for a high content of ascorbic acid. The assessment of the economic efficiency of the studied varieties of oriental persimmons showed that the largest profit was received from the sale of ‘Hachia’ (803.7 thousand tons) and ‘Giro’ (925.0 thousand rubles), and the same varieties had a high level of profitability of 308.8 and 440.5 %, respectively.