EVALUATION OF APPLE TREE CULTIVAR-SAMPLES DEPENDING ON SPRING TEMPERATURES IN BASHKORTOSTAN

The garden is located in Kushnarenkovo Breeding Centre for Fruit and Berry Crops of Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture – Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS. The study included 10 cultivars and 6 promising hybrids of apple trees from Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture. Cultivars Bashkirskiy krasavets and Seyanets Titovki were used as controls. The assessment showed a good general condition of the plants. The degree of flowering in the studied cultivar samples was 2–5 points. As a result of the adverse weather conditions the flowers of the studied cultivars had severe and very severe damage (52–100 %) and poor frost resistance (4–5 points). It has been established that the cultivars ‘Kushnarenkovskoye osenneye’, ‘Bashkirsky izumrud’, ‘Bulyak’, ‘Bashkirskoye zimneye’, №№ 1-4-44; 1-19 showed relative resistance to unfavorable conditions during the spring period (48–20 % of live flowers). Weather conditions during flowering and fruit formation have a decisive impact on apple trees yielding. Adverse weather conditions limit crop yields. Sharp fluctuations in air temperature in the spring periods in 2023–2024 caused recurrent frosts that damaged flowers opened at high temperatures. The assessment showed the reaction of apple cultivars to extreme conditions during flowering.