INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT OF DIANTHUS PLUMARIUS L. IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN URAL

The data on the ontogenesis of Dianthus plumarius L. (common pink) at the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences for three years of observations (2022–2024) are presented. Such characteristics of the latent period as the size and germination of freshly collected seeds were studied in detail. Three age periods (latent, pregenerative and generative) and 6 ontogenetic states (seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal, young and middle-aged generative) are described. It has been shown that the species is characterized by an above-ground type of seed germination. Indicator signs of age states are: for sprouts – the presence of a thin embryonic root, two obovate cotyledons (the duration of the sprout state is 10−18 days). For juvenile individuals – the appearance of the first true leaves (seedlings are in this age state for 18−38 days). For immature individuals – the beginning of lateral branching of shoots developing from axillary buds of true and cotyledon leaves, growth of the root system (branching of lateral roots reaches 2–3 orders). The duration of the immature state is 30−40 days. In the virginal state, plants acquire the features of adult individuals; shoots of the 2nd order develop on the shoots of the 1st order. The duration of the virginal state is 53−73 days. In the first year of life, all individuals of D. plumarius entered the young generative state (end of August 2022). The young generative state is characterized by the appearance of reproductive shoots (1−3 pcs.). The budding phase was observed from the end of May, flowering – in June, lasting 80–90 days. In the third year of life, plants enter a middle-aged generative state. It is characterized by the most powerfully developed vegetative and reproductive spheres.