HAZELNUT (CORYLUS PONTICA K. KOCH) PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD (LITERARY REVIEW)

The paper provides a brief history and classification of hazelnut genus Corylus, including various species and cultivars. Furthermore, the dynamics of world hazelnut Corylus pontica K. Koch. production and the main producing countries, which are Turkey, Italy, Azerbaijan, etc., were analyzed. The history of hazelnut cultivation in Russia and its cultivation on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus were studied. The introduction and creation of a hazelnut collection in Russia in humid subtropical conditions began in 1894 at Sochi Agricultural Garden Station, which continues to this day. Scientific research was conducted under the guidance of several generations of breeders, including F.M. Zorin, N.V. Kovalenko and V.G. Makhno. These works included selection, introduction and cultivar study in order to improve the quality and yield of hazelnuts. Namely, the favorable climate of this region is characterized by certain temperature conditions, sufficient rainfall and suitable soils that create good conditions for the development and fruiting of hazelnuts. The paper pays special attention to the selection and development of new cultivars that can be successfully cultivated in various climatic conditions. In addition, they have high productivity and resistance to various diseases. This paper also outlines the main agricultural measures that are necessary to achieve high and stable yields. In conclusion, it is noted that research in the field of selection and cultivar study of hazelnuts is necessary for further development of Russian hazelnut growing, which requires investment in scientific research, development of new technologies and support for domestic producers. Only an integrated approach to the development of this industry will allow Russia to take a worthy place among the leading hazelnut producers.