TECHNOLOGIES OF PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS OF FRUIT CROPS ROOTSTOCKS

The paper provides a justification for the need to study the economic and biological characteristics of promising clone rootstocks suitable for use in intensive fruit crop cultivation technologies in order to identify their adaptive capabilities in the conditions of the North Caucasus. The length and thickness of the cuttings are important for successful root formation. The length is determined by the size of the internodes: from shoots with short nodes, cuttings are cut from 3 ... 5, and from shoots with long nodes – from 2 ... 3 internodes. For cuttings, sections of growing shoots 5...20 cm long were used. The technologies of rootstocks propagation by cuttings are presented, where their biological features and the ability to vegetative reproduction were taken into account. For the propagation of plants, lignified cuttings were used, which were harvested in early April of this year. The length of the cuttings was 10...20 cm, with 3...5 internodes. Cuttings were carried out in November and in spring in early April, in the open ground, using a root formation stimulator – indolyl butyric acid (IBA). Based on many years of research, optimal conditions for rooting cuttings were proposed. The optimal period for the region is from the beginning of April to the beginning of May. Early periods provide better rooting, in late periods up to a third of the shoot is lost due to the completion of the growth of the mother bush. In this case, you can use the entire shoot (the lower part is semi–woody, the upper part is softwood). Special attention is paid to the use of root formation stimulants, planting dates, irrigation, partial shading of cuttings and other agrotechnical conditions to improve rooting. Experimental data on the duration and dynamics of rooting, the main phytometric and phytophysiological parameters of various forms of clonal rootstocks of fruit crops are presented.