APPLE TREE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN STIMULATING AGROCHEMICALS TREATMENT

The objects of research were the fruits of the Golden Reinder apple cultivar (M 9 rootstock), grown on the basis of experimental plantations of the State Scientific Institution Institute of Agriculture of the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia (Sukhumi district, Republic of Abkhazia). The complex organic fertilizers Chelate ‘Antistress’ and Chelate ‘Naliv’ were selected as agrochemicals. It was shown that agrochemical treatments affected the accumulation of mono- and disaccharides in apple fruits: there was a significant increase in the fructose content in fruits to 7.52 g/100 g during treatments (6.63 g/100 g in the control); glucose accumulates on average only 1.1–1.2 g/100 g, depending on the variant; sucrose in fruits is 2.4–2.6 times more than glucose. When treated with agrochemicals, there is a significant increase in malic, citric and tartaric acid, while the content of lactic, succinic, oxalic and acetic acid decreases. There was an insignificant decrease in the vitamin C content in fruits, which is associated with high temperature against the background of high humidity and prolonged absence of precipitation. The most active growth of shoots has been established, the total growth of shoots per tree is 1.2–1.4 times higher than the control. In addition, the introduction of agrochemicals led to the development of a more powerful leaf blade (on average 16.1 cm2 with 13.3 cm2 in the control). During the Chelate ‘Antistress’ treatments, an increase in the amount of photosynthetic pigments was already recorded in the summer. Treatments with agrochemicals resulted in a significantly higher yield of the garden, averaging 33.55 t/ha, which is 14.5 t/ha higher than the control option. The research is aimed at finding new, highly effective and environmentally friendly agrochemicals, and also determines the development of technology for their use in soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Abkhazia.